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Europe whole and free
Europe Whole and Free is an idea in international relations that describes a Europe governed universally by concepts of liberal democracy espoused by the United States and the European Union.
==Origins==
The phrase “Europe whole and free” was first used prominently by U.S. President George H. W. Bush in a speech on May 31, 1989, in Mainz, West Germany. Addressing an auditorium full of German citizens and political leaders, including Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Bush laid out his vision for the Europe that should emerge from the end of the Cold War and the waning of Communist and Soviet influence in Europe’s east. He said:
:“…our responsibility is to look ahead and grasp the promise of the future. I said recently that we're at the end of one era and at the beginning of another. And I noted that in regard to the Soviet Union, our policy is to move beyond containment. For 40 years, the seeds of democracy in Eastern Europe lay dormant, buried under the frozen tundra of the Cold War. And for 40 years, the world has waited for the Cold War to end. And decade after decade, time after time, the flowering human spirit withered from the chill of conflict and oppression; and again, the world waited. But the passion for freedom cannot be denied forever. The world has waited long enough. The time is right. Let Europe be whole and free.”〔“A Europe Whole and Free,” Remarks to the Citizens in Mainz, by President George Bush, May 31, 1989. http://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga6-890531.htm, accessed 5 May 2014〕
Bush’s formulation was seen by foreign policy analysts, including Jim Hoagland〔Jim Hoagland, “Europe’s Destiny,” Foreign Affairs, (1989-90). http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/45145/jim-hoagland/europes-destiny〕 and Arnold Horelick,〔Arnold Horelick, “U.S.-Soviet Relations: Threshold of a New Era,” Foreign Affairs, 69, 1, (1989-1990). http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/45146/arnold-l-horelick/us-soviet-relations-the-threshold-of-a-new-era〕 as Bush’s counter-proposal to the concept of a “common European home” offered in the preceding two years by Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. Within two weeks of Bush’s speech, Gorbachev also visited West Germany and declared that the Soviet Union would not interfere in the liberalizations already underway among its allied states in Eastern Europe.〔“Gorbachev Blessed NATO’s Army Bases Near Russia’s Border,” http://english.pravda.ru/world/europe/14-06-2009/107768-gorbachev-0/, accessed 5 May 2014〕 While Gorbachev hoped to encourage liberalizing political and economic reforms among the Soviet-allied communist rulers of Europe’s east, Bush envisioned an end to communist or socialist rule and its replacement by multi-party, liberal democracies with capitalist economic systems.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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